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''Night on Bald Mountain'' ((ロシア語:Ночь на лысой горе, ''Noch' na lysoy gore'')), refers to a series of compositions by Modest Mussorgsky (1839–1881). Inspired by Russian literary works and legend, Mussorgsky composed a "musical picture", ''St. John's Eve on Bald Mountain'' () on the theme of a witches' sabbath occurring on St. John's Eve, which he completed on that very night, June 23, in 1867. Together with Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov's ''Sadko'' (1867), it is one of the first tone poems by a Russian composer.〔Calvocoressi (1956: p. 78)〕 Although Mussorgsky was proud of his youthful effort, his mentor, Miliy Balakirev, refused to perform it. To salvage what he considered worthy material, Mussorgsky attempted to insert his ''Bald Mountain'' music, recast for vocal soloists, chorus, and orchestra, into two subsequent projects—the collaborative opera-ballet ''Mlada'' (1872), and the opera ''The Fair at Sorochyntsi'' (1880). However, ''Night on Bald Mountain'' was never performed in any form during Mussorgsky's lifetime.〔Calvocoressi, Abraham (1974: p. 21)〕 In 1886, five years after Mussorgsky's death, Rimsky-Korsakov published an arrangement of the work, described as a "fantasy for orchestra." Some musical scholars consider this version to be an original composition of Rimsky-Korsakov, albeit one based on Mussorgsky's last version of the music, for ''The Fair at Sorochyntsi:'' It is through Rimsky-Korsakov's version that ''Night on Bald Mountain'' achieved lasting fame. Premiering in Saint Petersburg in 1886, the work became a concert favourite. Half a century later, the work obtained perhaps its greatest exposure through the Walt Disney animated film ''Fantasia'' (1940), featuring an arrangement by Leopold Stokowski, based on Rimsky-Korsakov's version. Mussorgsky's tone poem was not published in its original form until 1968. Although still rarely performed, it has started to gain exposure and become familiar to modern audiences. ==Name== The original Russian title of the tone poem, ''Иванова ночь на лысой горе'', translates literally as ''Saint John's Eve on Bald Mountain'', usually shortened to ''Night on Bald Mountain''. However, due to several ambiguities, the composition is also known by a number of alternate titles in English. The Russian word "ночь" (noch) is literally "night" in English, but idiomatically this would refer to the night following St. John's Day, variously observed between June 21 (the summer solstice) and June 25. The night before St. John's Day is usually referred to as "St. John's Eve" in English; Russian does not make this distinction. ''Bald Mountain'' is the most familiar translation of ''лысой горе'' in English, and is also the most literal. The adjective "bald" is commonly used in English place names for barren hills, mountains, and other features, and so is also idiomatic. However, because the most familiar use of "bald" describes hairlessness, this part of the title is also known as ''Bare Mountain''. The use of "bald" to describe barren landscapes is common in European languages. In French, the piece is known as ' (''A Night on the Bald Mountain''); and in Italian ' (''A Night on Bald Mountain''). Some performances of the work also insert the article "the" before "Bald Mountain" or "Bare Mountain". Articles are not used in Russian, but are often applied to nouns when translating Russian into languages that regularly use articles, such as English and French. However, because the title of the work refers to a specific place ''called'' "Bald Mountain," an article would not normally be used in English. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Night on Bald Mountain」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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